Search results for "Specific model"
showing 10 items of 23 documents
Acquired IFNγ resistance impairs anti-tumor immunity and gives rise to T-cell-resistant melanoma lesions
2016
Melanoma treatment has been revolutionized by antibody-based immunotherapies. IFNγ secretion by CD8+ T cells is critical for therapy efficacy having anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on tumour cells. Our study demonstrates a genetic evolution of IFNγ resistance in different melanoma patient models. Chromosomal alterations and subsequent inactivating mutations in genes of the IFNγ signalling cascade, most often JAK1 or JAK2, protect melanoma cells from anti-tumour IFNγ activity. JAK1/2 mutants further evolve into T-cell-resistant HLA class I-negative lesions with genes involved in antigen presentation silenced and no longer inducible by IFNγ. Allelic JAK1/2 losses predisposing to …
Three-dimensional parametric modeling of bicuspid aortopathy and comparison with computational flow predictions
2016
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)-associated ascending aneurysmal aortopathy (namely âbicuspid aortopathyâ) is a heterogeneous disease making surgeon predictions particularly challenging. Computational flow analysis can be used to evaluate the BAV-related hemodynamic disturbances, which likely lead to aneurysm enlargement and progression. However, the anatomic reconstruction process is time consuming so that predicting hemodynamic and structural evolution by computational modeling is unfeasible in routine clinical practice. The aim of the study was to design and develop a parametric program for three-dimensional (3D) representations of aneurysmal aorta and different BAV phenotypes starting fr…
From Clinical Imaging to Patient-Specific Computational Model: Rapid Adaptation of the Living Heart Human Model to a Case of Aortic Stenosis
2021
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common acquired heart valve disease in the developed world. Traditional methods of grading AS have relied on the measurement of aortic valve area and transvalvular pressure gradient. Recent research has highlighted the existence of AS variants that do not meet classic criteria for severe AS such as low-flow, low-gradient AS. With the development of sophisticated multi-scale computational models, investigation into the left ventricular (LV) biomechanics of AS offers new insights into the pathophysiology that may guide treatment decisions surrounding AS. Building upon our prior study entailing LV-aortic coupling where AS conditions were applied to the idealize…
European Economic Ethics Research
2020
The purpose of the European Economic Community’s founders was not only ‘mercantilist’, but ‘economic’, in the broader sense of the term ‘economics’. If there has been a specific model of Europe, it has been the social market economy. But the crisis of the welfare state has raised doubts about key features of that model. Does Europe have anything particular to offer in the economic realm? The approaches of economic ethics that have been developed in Europe have a lot to say in the formation of a ‘Euroethos’. The article tries to show the main European approaches and to delineate the traits of a European proposal.
Three-dimensional cardiac computational modelling: methods, features and applications
2015
[EN] The combination of computational models and biophysical simulations can help to interpret an array of experimental data and contribute to the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases such as cardiac arrhythmias. For this reason, three-dimensional (3D) cardiac computational modelling is currently a rising field of research. The advance of medical imaging technology over the last decades has allowed the evolution from generic to patient-specific 3D cardiac models that faithfully represent the anatomy and different cardiac features of a given alive subject. Here we analyse sixty representative 3D cardiac computational models developed and published during the last fifty …
Comparison of hemodynamic and structural indices of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm as predicted by 2-way FSI, CFD rigid wall simulation and patie…
2018
Patient-specific computational modeling is increasingly being used to predict structural and hemodynamic parameters, especially when current clinical tools are not accessible. Indeed, pathophysiology of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) has been simulated to quantify the risk of complications by novel prognostic parameters and thus to improve the clinical decision-making process related to the intervention of ATAAs. In this study, the relevance of aneurysmal wall elasticity in determining parameters of clinical importance, such as the wall shear stress (WSS), is discussed together with the significance of applying realistic boundary conditions to consider the aortic stretch and twis…
Computational fluid dynamics in the assessment of patients' postoperative status after glottis-widening surgery
2017
Background. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a rapidly developing instrument with a number of practical applications, allows calculation and visualization of the changing parameters of airflow in the upper respiratory tract. Objectives. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the advantages of CFD as an instrument for noninvasive tests of the larynx in patients who had undergone surgical treatment due to bilateral vocal fold paralysis. Material and Methods. Surface measurements of the glottic space were made during maximum adduction of the vocal folds. Additionally, the following spirometric parameters were determined: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first s…
Modelización computacional cardiaca
2020
[EN] Cardiovascular diseases currently have a major social and economic impact, constituting one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Personalized computational models of the heart are demonstrating their usefulness both to help understand the mechanisms underlying cardiac disease, and to optimize their treatment and predict the patient's response. Within this framework, the Spanish Research Network for Cardiac Computational Modelling (VHeart-SN) has been launched. The general objective of the VHeart-SN network is the development of an integrated, modular and multiscale multiphysical computational model of the heart. This general objective is addressed through the following spe…
Patient-Specific Rehearsal Feasibility Before Endovascular Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
2019
Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of a patient-specific rehearsal (PsR) before emergency endovascular aneurysm repairs (eEVAR) and its influence on the operation. Materials and Methods: From February 2016 to October 2016, 10 consecutive patients (mean age 75 +/- 7.4 years; 9 men) presenting with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) suitable for standard EVAR were enrolled in the study. A 3-dimensional (3D) model of the abdominal aorta was generated on a virtual reality simulator based on the patient's computed tomography (CT) images. Following the patient-specific simulation setup, PsR was conducted during patient admission or in parallel with the preoperative eEVAR workup. Measur…
Improving the Training Methods for Designers of Flexible Production Cells in Factories of the Future
2020
This work proposes a design method for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). The method reduces the learning curve by helping employees to solve problems related to the design and optimization of the layout, operation and control of FMS, avoiding the drawbacks of current tools. The approach uses Domain Specific Modeling Languages (DSML) for specification of FMS. The paper presents the definition of the DSML and the implementation of the graphical modeling and simulation tool bringing important contributions to development of the domain through the use of constructions from categories theory for DSML specifications. This mathematical basis allows the definition of constraints to avoid supple…